The web value rate of . Around that period, the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church already had a corpus of prayers. () = , 1. 2, 117). Its graduates become cantors of Ethiopian Orthodox (Twado) Church. Most studies conclude that there has been impressive consistency since the 1500s. The same process is repeated for several days or even months. Some students try to attend more than one master in more than one school, in order to reach a higher level of mastering qne. However, Ethiopian Churches in smaller communities face challenges in maintaining the liturgical cycle and musical tradition. 81 2 . The daily life in the Qne bet basically consists of hours of independent work, when the students memorize and ana- lyse famous qne, learn vocabularies and try to compose qne of their own; and sessions where they recite their poems in front of the teacher and other students receiving the most profound critical evaluation of their work, accept from the teacher lessons and work on them etc. = , 28 - = . When this group leaves the teacher, another group or individual comes to read to the teacher and hears his commentary. Usually a candidate for his training is attached to a priest or monk to whom he gives certain services, accompanying him on visits of families, festivals, and ceremonies in and outside the parish. The Nebab Bet, the Reading School or the House of Reading is the first stage of the traditional schools, where primary instruction is given. [8], Ethiopian liturgical chants are based on both written and oral sources,[9] but the isolation of Ethiopia and the lack of source material make it difficult to reconstruct the exact history of Ethiopian church music. This memorization of the commentary of the books exacts many years of exercise and labour, which the adult student is ready to accept. We find the Nebab Bet in practically all churches and monasteries, in a number of villages and in the compounds of well-to-do landlords. The 46 Books of the Old Testament are studied and commented upon. When the pupil knows the letters to some extent, he starts to practice reading a text. () = , 31. Rather, it is as a mnemonic. = [ . The methods of practicing the reading are those described under the Fidel Hawaria, namely, Qutir, Geez, Wurdnebab, and Nebab. [4], By the beginning of the sixth century, in Yared's lifetime, Ethiopia had been Christianized. The place of instruction is usually a communal hut near the teachers dwelling known as the Mahber Bet, or simply in the open or under a tree. Today children use a printed table of letters, which is glued on a single sheet of cardboard. A member of the Oriental Orthodox family of Churches, the Church of Ethiopia shares with them in essence a common faith. One important reason memorization is so stressed all through the Church Schools is that writing materials were traditionally not well developed. Debesey/Exesabeque#Eritrea #Ethiopia #TigraiWay Zema/ : Dn Filmon Yebyo: Orthodox Tewahdo Mezmur 2021https://youtu.be/oEOuYUPqFi4Zemari Filmo Yebyo Zemari Bereket Tikue Zemarit Mari AlemZemarit Hermela YehishoDebesey/Exesabeque1. The more advanced students serve as monitors to instruct the beginners. The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church has crucial role to disseminate traditional ancient educational system of Ethiopia to read Old and New Testaments in Ge'ez since Axumite period in 330 AD. We may then be justified, with some reservation, in saying that at present the total Nebab bet enrolment might well be 300,000. The first subject of study for the child is the set of Geez letters, known as the Fidel. However, he follows the progress of his student daily, so no special tests are needed. the beginning of reading. Privacy-Statement . The student strains his power of expression to construct the Qene verses in a vivid, enigmatic manner or to express his experience in social life in connection with biblical stories, visions, and legendary events. ' , 1. Contact-us The usually strict demands of the teachers are accepted with out hesitation, because the wandering student has come to the school of his own free will and has willingly submitted himself to the authority of the teacher. Here the child practices reading at a very lively pace, but without mistakes. [ . ], 3. The students listen attentively and try to remember the comment word for word. = [ ], 3. Theoretically, both boys and girls and members of all ethnic groups and classes are eligible to enroll in church schools. BETI HAILI : ( ) : https://youtu.be/krOS4KgG_249. KEYARI TARIKEY ( ): https://youtu.be/3bpkpnH9qqUiTunes: http://itunes.apple.com/album/id14481Apple Music : http://itunes.apple.com/album/id/14483. He may be called upon to read and write letters. In some cases the Ethiopic catechetical book, the Aemade Mestir (Columnae Mister), particularly Mistere Sellassie (on the Trinity), is taught in Amharic. 3) higher schools, namely In doing so, a In doing so, a mixed-method research ap proach with the convergent parallel . The girls from traditional families who have attended the school usually marry before or shortly after they complete the lessons in the House of Reading. Fewer young people are motivated to study in the higher church schools. : 1 - . }, Designed by Elegant Themes | Powered by WordPress. In these specialized branches the students learns the traditions of the Church, theology, Church history and laws, through the interpretation of the various individual writings. In the Qne bet the students focus on the theory and practice of the composition of qne. The office of a priest is particularly attractive to tenants or landless peasants, because a priest in his area enjoys privileges, and his office entitles him to possession of the land known as Semon land. A new comer must ask him for permission to attend his classes. The last branch of the Metsehaf Bet is the Menekosat, the School of Commentaries on monastic literature. = , 4. The story or legend of the saint whose feast is to be celebrated on the next day is then narrated; this comprises the theme of the Qene composition by the students, using the vocabulary and grammar already discussed at the session. The activities of the priest, therefore, are limited to the rituals, which do not usually demand the understanding of the Scriptures. = , 7 - = , 2. Prominent Zema bet are at Dbr Abbay (Tgray), Sllkula (Wllo) and Gon Tewodros (Goam). [ . ], 16 - , 17 - = , 18 - . ( ) = , 4. C) Reading the Psalms Such schools may perhaps play a wider role within the context of the national campaign for literacy and provide more instruction for adults as well as young pupils. The main courses of study are in church music, church poetry, and religious literature, each divided according to content of instruction. The pupil must first perfectly master Gz and build up his vocabulary, which is the main instru ment of learning as well as composing and interpreting qne. = [ ]. In the Zema bet, the following major discipline blocks are taught: (1) the Dggwa, (2) the Zmmare/Mwat, (3) Mzgb qddase/ Satat (not required for those who want to be ordained deacon and priest) and (4) Aqqwaqwam. = , 16 - = , 9. . Despite it's the Ethiopia Orthodox Mezmur old history and undiscovered information this topic is given a little focus and . Ethiopia is, after all, the only African country to have preserved Christianity as its religion for over a millennium and a half. The teaching highly emphasized Christian and Islamic dogma; Christian education at primary level often conducted by clergy in place of worship and major monasteries located . , 1. b) Qene Bet ( ) = , 1.. = [ ], 7. Since the pupils do not understand the texts, the memorization drills are very exacting in energy and time. [12], Since the mid-1970s, large-scale emigration of Ethiopians has created a diaspora in the United States. = , 22. This process is known as Qutir, i.e. [8] In the course of the centuries the school system has grown and changed in many ways. It should be noted that the Church is fully aware of the necessity to train its own future leaders in such a way that they will fulfill their role in modern society. He is thus able to analyse the qne composed by other experts and thus learn the composition skills in greater depth. [ . ], 30. . ( ) = , 13. In their present form the church schools evolved during the golden age of the Church from the 13th to the 16th centuries when the literature of the Church had reached its peak. [11] Ethiopian Church music remains tightly bounded within the communities and rarely attracts attention by outsiders. The child uses four methods to practice reading this text known as Fidel Hawaria or the first Epistle of St. john, first he pronounces every letter of the word pointing at each letter with a straw (Qutir-method). Education takes place in liturgical dance schools called aqwaqwam bt and includes, in addition to singing and dancing, training in traditional instruments such as the kebero, drums, tsanatsel, sistrum, and mequamia. When one of the students has mastered the hymn, he goes and sings before the teacher. () = , 3. = , 3. This does not include pupils receiving instruction in the village schools and in private compounds. The main one is that the student understands the Geez language in the Qene school. 1) The Nebab Bet To be able to carry out this further service one has to attend a higher school of the church, which should be considered an extension of the Nebab and Qedasse Bet. He then learns Zeamlakiye (3 verses), Wazema (5 verses). c) Metsehaf Bet = , 8 - () = - - . Now the child practices read learns to take much care over words that must be read to together, the accents, the pauses and the soft or hard pronunciations of the syllables. [1] The related musical notation is known as melekket. . = , 1. () = , 1. The leading teachers and scholars of the church, who are known as Debtera, are trained in the higher school. - ., 2. If one misses a word or an idea, another member of the group recalls it and supplements. The church school system has the following divisions: [ ], 9. = , 12. This hope is perhaps one of the motives that encourages the student to spend more that half of his life at such a school. (Literature school). The Qne bet takes from three to five years. a) Zema Bet (Music school) b) Quene Bet and (Poetry school) c) Metsehaf Bet which again have different subdivisions. . The student has to learn each sentence of the commentary by heart. This is available for about ten cents in every market place in the country, so that the traditional parchment is disappearing. () = , 21. He can then practice reading different religious texts. The related musical notation is known as melekket. / [ ], 2. ( ) . Each group sings from a single text, or one of the groups sings and the rest observe him. The modern schools often accepts more readily in their primary grades those children who can already read and write. In earlier times the letters were written on a roll of parchment, which the pupil carried with him. b) Quene Bet and (Poetry school) . , 14. The teacher may then make some remarks on the students work for the day. . . . () = = [10], The musical notation (melekket) used for the chants, is not a typical notational system since it does not represent pitch or melody. It is difficult to estimate the number of Nebab Bet in the country or to evaluate the school population involved. They are known as ararai, ezil and geeze. The priests and Church scholars who are the bearers and propagators of traditional learning have themselves been formed in the church school system that we propose to examine in some detail. . The few handwritten manuscripts on parchments were, and still are, very expensive. This limitation of the enrolment is mainly due to the large number applicants and to an insufficient number of schools, so parents, especially those who do not need the labour of their children, are obliged to send their children to the Nebab bet as a first step to enrolment in a modern government school. = , 23 - . Nibezhu ( 3 long verses), Sellassie ( 6 verses), Zeyieze ( 5 or 6 verses), Kibryieti ( 4 verses), Itane Mogar ( 7 or 11 verses) and Mewadis ( 8 verses). Nsebho LeEgziabher Sibuha Zetesebha 1 Yaredawi . The teacher is usually engaged in some individual work such as reading, copying a manuscript, or even doing some handwork. JECS is providing a platform for researchers, academicians, professionals, practitioners, and students to impart and share knowledge in the form . With the spread of modern education and a modern school system this institution is declining. Theoretically, priests and monks can also be characterized as Debtera, if they have completed studies in one of the higher schools. = , 9. . . Gradually the pupil masters the art of good reading. These are most widespread but there are other forms, e.g. = , 12. [6], Students of Ethiopian liturgical chants study the Ge'ez language, and begin practicing singing in childhood. , 15 -. = , 20 - . 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